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Oxford English Lessons: An Iranian Doctor in the USA

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Story: The Delavigne Legend (Chapter 1) (Scene 1 of 2)

The Tale of Bruno Delavigne Once upon a time , in a  faraway   land , there  lived  a  man  who  loved  the  smells  of  life .  Everybody  in Paris  knows  the  story  of Xavier Delavigne, who  started one of the most dynamic  cosmetics  companies  of  today .  Born  in 1905, Xavier was a  simple   man  who  created   complex   perfumes . He  was known as  the 'Father of  Fragrance' , but it was his  grandson  Bruno who  brought   international   recognition  to the Delavigne  name .  Eventually , Bruno  transformed  Xavier's  humble   perfume   shop  in  Montmartre  into a  world-renowned ,  multi-national   cosmetics   company . Bruno Delavigne  went from  a  perfumer's assistant  in Paris to the...

How the TOEFL® Test is Made

People often ask, “How do you decide what to put on the test?” and “How do you create the test?” Producing a Stimulus and Questions The development of TOEFL test content begins with test developers who are experts in a wide variety of subjects. These test developers search for source material that is typical of what can be found in a first- or second-year university-level class. They consult textbooks and published research studies, work with professors and researchers, and draw on their own expertise to produce what we call a  stimulus —material such as a reading passage or a lecture. They then create questions which ask about the content of the stimulus. But things don’t end there. Fairness, Reliability and Validity Next, the stimulus and questions go through multiple reviews by other experts. They are reviewed for content  accuracy . They are also reviewed for  fairness ,  reliability  and  validity . To be fair, test content must not be ...